Christmas traditions in Provence

Christmas in Provence, a celebration rich in symbolism

For those of you who have spent time in the South of France, and more particularly in Provence, during the Christmas season, you've certainly noticed the festive atmosphere that reigns everywhere, whether in the streets, in private homes or in churches. Perhaps you've also been unsettled by certain traditions, or been dubious about certain figures in the nativity scene that you didn't know before? All this will soon become clear to you thanks to our explanations.

The crib in Provence

At Christmas, and especially in Christian households, the nativity scene is an essential part of the celebration. Just like the Christmas tree, there are so many different kinds! Depending on individual taste and level of creativity, you can choose from simple ready-made creations or monumental do-it-yourself creations. Whatever you choose, you'll always find the main characters of the Nativity: Mary, Joseph, Jesus, the ox and the donkey. In Provence, the composition of the nativity scene is a little more complete. Of Provençal origin, the santon is of great importance here, and there's no question of forgetting it. Traditionally made from clay, they generally represent the inhabitants of the village, bringing life to the nativity scene. There are santons representing bakers, shepherds, doctors and grooms. Some have names that only the Provençals know, such as the ravi, symbolizing the “village idiot” who has little to his name but nevertheless spreads joy and good cheer to those around him. The Pistachier is also almost unknown outside Provence, and represents the farmhand. Even today, the tradition of handcrafted santons is perpetuated from generation to generation in Provence.

Christmas Eve dinner and 13 desserts

On the evening of the 24th, guests invited to a Provencal table need to have an appetite! After all, it's a hearty meal crowned by the traditional 13 desserts. For this meal like no other, nothing is left to chance, and every detail takes on special importance. It all starts with the setting of the table. It must be covered with not one but three white tablecloths. The number three has a very special symbolism, representing the three persons of the Holy Trinity. In the same vein, there are 3 white candlesticks and 3 saucers of sprouted wheat for Saint Barbara's Day (December 4). The supper consists of 7 lean dishes in honor of the 7 sorrows of the Virgin Mary. These 7 dishes are accompanied by 13 loaves of bread, followed by 13 desserts symbolizing the Last Supper, when Jesus was surrounded by his 12 disciples. As a digestive break from the 7 courses, the 13 desserts are only eaten after mass. They include mendiants, dates, nougats, fougasse with olive oil, candied fruit, oreillettes and fresh fruit.